12345678910matrix = [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]][num for row in matrix for num in row]# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]## transpose the matrix rows and columns[[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(len(matrix[1]))]# [[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]list(zip(*matrix))# [(1, 5, 9), (2, 6, 10), (3, 7, 11), (4, 8, 12)]